Estrogen is one of the key sex hormones that is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. It plays a vital role not just in reproduction, but also in various other processes in the body including bone health, cholesterol levels, and heart health.
What is estrogen?
Estrogen refers to a group of hormones that stimulate the development of female physical traits and reproductive system. The three major naturally occurring forms of estrogen in women are:
- Estradiol - The primary estrogen during reproductive years. It aids in regulation of the menstrual cycle.
- Estrone - Levels increase after menopause and is the predominant estrogen in postmenopausal women.
- Estriol - The main estrogen produced during pregnancy.
These hormones are produced primarily by the ovaries and adrenal glands in women. Estrogens play a crucial role in:
- Development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty - breasts, pubic hair, etc.
- Regulation of the menstrual cycle
- Maintaining the health of tissues in the vagina and uterus
- Building up bone mass and maintaining bone health
In addition to reproductive functions, estrogen is also essential for:
- Regulating cholesterol and body fat distribution
- Influencing cognition, motor function and symptoms of mood disorders
Estrogen Imbalance
Imbalances in estrogen levels can occur during events like
puberty,
pregnancy,
perimenopause and
menopause. Low estrogen levels may lead to issues like changes in mood, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, osteoporosis, among others.
Maintaining balanced estrogen levels is crucial for physical and mental wellbeing in women. Lifestyle measures like regular exercise, managing stress and a nutritious diet can help. Seeking professional medical advice is recommended for persistent symptoms.